Saturday, 8 September 2012

Salts - normal salts, acid salts

Salts are very important to us.

Table 1 Example of salts
Salt
Use
Ammonium chloride
Torch batteries
Ammonium nitrate
Fertilisers
Calcium carbonate
Extraction of iron, making cement, making glass
Calcium chloride
Extraction of sodium, drying agent
Calcium sulphate
Making plaster boards and casts for injured limbs
Iron(II) sulphate
Iron tablets
Magnesium sulphate
Medicines
Potassium nitrate
Fertiliser, gunpowder
Silver bromide
Photography
Sodium carbonate
Making glass, washing powders, water softener
Sodium chloride
Making hydrochloric acid, food flavouring, hospital saline, making sodium carbonate
Sodium stearate
Soaps
Tin(II) flouride
Additive to toothpaste


battery 
Ammonium chloride in a battery

Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
Calcium carbonate
Iron sulphate for making Iron supplement,
also named as ferrous tablet
Magnesium sulphate


File:Bromid stříbrný.PNG
Silver bromide




Sodium carbonate

Sodium chloride


Sodium stearate

Normal Salts

A Normal salt is formed when all the hydrogen ions(H+) of an acid, have been replaced by metal ions or by the ammonium ions(NH4+), All the salts listed in table 1 are normal salts. 

Normal salts may be soluble or insoluble in cold water.
  • all nitrates salts are soluble
  • all common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are soluble
  • all chlorides salts all soluble except lead, silver and mercury 
  • all sulfates salts are soluble except lead, barium and calcium
Table 2 Normal Salts
Acid
Type of salt
Example
Carbonic acid H2CO3
Carbonates
Sodium carbonate Na2CO3
Sulfuric acid H2SO4
sulphates
Sodium sulfate Na2SO4
Ethanoic acid CH3COOH
Ethanoates
Sodium ethanoate CH3COONa
Hydrochloric acid HCl
Chlorides
Potassium chloride KCl
Nitric acid HNO3
Nitrates
Potassium nitrate KNO3


Acid Salts

An acid salt is formed where not all of the hydrogen ions of an acid have been replaced by metal ions or the ammonium ions. For examples:
Acids such as sulfuric acid and carbonic acid which have two hydrogen ions per molecule, when only one of the hydrogen ions is replaced with a metal ion, the salts formed still contain hydrogen ions.


Table 3 Acid Salts
Acid
Type of acid salt
Example
Carbonic acid H2CO3
Hydrogencarbonate
Sodium hydrogencarbonate NaHCO3
Sulfuric acid HsSO4
Hydrogensulfate
Potassium hydrogensulfate KHSO4